双三元液相色谱-串联电喷雾检测器用于中药注射剂大分子物质筛查研究

A size exclusion chromatography method ( SEC) was established for the screening of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections. In the experiment, TCM was collected through 0. 45μm ...     

Measurements of the size distribution of unattached radon progeny by using the imaging plate

The size distribution of unattached radon progeny is an important parameter for an accurate estimation of the internal dose of radon exposure. In this study, a new measuring system was developed to evaluate the size distribution of unattached radon progeny in air. In the system, airborne radon progeny were collected with a newly designed graded screen array (GSA), the activity concentrations were measured by using the imaging plate technique, and the size distribution of unattached fraction was retrieved by using an iterative nonlinear algorithm. The simulation results indicated that the collection characteristics of the new GSA system were well agreed with other systems. Test experiments showed that the activity-weighted median diameters (AMD) for unattached ²¹⁸Po, ²¹⁴Pb and ²¹⁴Bi were 0.89 ± 0.11 nm, 0.96 ± 0.13 nm and 1.01 ± 0.25 nm in a particle-free radon chamber, and the distribution changed with different concentrations of particles. As multiple measurements can be simultaneously carried out with a single IP, the new technique is considered as an optional and useful way to measure the size distribution measurement of unattached radon progeny.     

基于粒子谱分布的无线紫外光通信散射传输特性研究

在非直视无线紫外光通信中,利用大气中的粒子对紫外光进行散射作用来传递信息,非直视紫外光通信在近距离隐蔽通信中有广阔的应用前景。雾霾粒子属于气溶胶范畴,由空气中的灰尘、硫化物、有机碳氢化合物等粒子组成。雾霾粒子的尺度、浓度、形状等因素均会对无线紫外光散射通信的传输特性产生较大的影响。首先,基于蒙特卡罗方法建立了非直视紫外光多次散射模型,将霾粒子的半径和浓度这两个物理量引入该模型中,通过模拟大量光子在雾霾条件下经多次散射到达接收端的概率,进而仿真分析了系统路径损耗与粒子半径和浓度之间的关系。结果表明,(1) 在无线紫外光近距离通信条件下,雾霾浓度越大,路径损耗越小,系统通信性能越好;(2) 通信距离大于500 m时,增加雾霾粒子浓度,系统路径损耗总体先减小再增大;(3) 在粒子浓度一定情况下,增大粒子半径,路径损耗先减小后增大,且随着通信距离的增大,路径损耗极小值的位置不断向粒子半径小的一侧移动。其次,在模型中引入粒子尺度谱分布的概念,对粒子尺度谱分布进行分割,分别求出不同粒径及其所对应浓度。假定粒子尺度谱分布中不同粒径的粒子依次对光子产生散射作用,对相应光子到达接收端的概率求和,得到光子到达接收端的总概率,进而求得多种粒径的粒子共同存在情况下系统的路径损耗,使仿真模型更加逼近实际大气信道中多种半径雾霾粒子共同存在的事实。最后,搭建实验平台,分别在良好、严重雾霾、极严重雾霾三种不同天气条件下,实验测量了系统路径损耗和通信距离、收发仰角之间的关系,并与考虑粒子尺度谱分布模型中计算得到的路径损耗进行对比,实验数据与仿真结果趋势一致,雾霾天气下的通信质量优于良好天气,收发仰角越大对应的路径损耗也越大。     

Investigation of calcium carbonate precipitated in the presence of alkanols

The influence of myristyl alcohol (CH₃(CH₂)₁₃OH), cetyl alcohol (CH₃(CH₂)₁₅OH) and behenyl alcohol (CH₃(CH₂)₂₁OH) on the structure, morphology, size and surface properties of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) has been investigated. Changes in the nature of the washing solvent, in the C_nOH/Ca²⁺ and CO₃²⁻/Ca²⁺ molar ratios and in temperature have been also evaluated. The sole polymorph produced was rhombohedral calcite. At room temperature, while microspheres composed of submicrocubes were produced at a high molar ratio CO₃²⁻/Ca²⁺ and low CH₃(CH₂)₁₅OH concentration, a stoichiometric molar ratio CO₃²⁻/Ca²⁺ and high CH₃(CH₂)₁₅OH concentration induced the formation of microcubes and microboxes. In the presence of this alkanol (12 % molar) a significant enhancement of the water contact angle (ca. 40 °) resulted in a sample obtained with a stoichiometric CO₃²⁻/Ca²⁺ ratio. These results emphasize the key role played by the three non‐ionic surfactants in the formation of materials with variable crystal shape and wettability and thus technological interest for a range of applications.     

Vision system for three-dimensional position measurement based on stereo disparity

A stereo disparity-based range finding technique was developed for measuring three-dimensional coordinates of object points. It used an image-matching algorithm which functionally consisted of scene reduction, epipolar line selection, and features matching. Experiments implementing this technique were performed on an industrial vision system. An error analysis indicated that image resolution was the major source of measurement inaccuracy.     

Studies on pre-hump and main fractions of cellulose-2,5-acetate in acetone

Technical cellulose-2.5-acetates (CA 2.5) were characterized regarding their carbohydrate composition in comparison to the raw material. The association of the CA 2.5 samples in acetone was studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using various acetone grades and styrene divinylbenzene copolymer columns. In HPLC grade acetone with and without addition of 1% water up to three different pre-humps eluted in front of the main fraction of the polymer. The evaluation of the main peak by light scattering measurements resulted in high molar masses indicating that for these technical CA 2.5 samples even the main fraction is not dissolved without association. No pre-humps or association phenomena were observed after addition of 1 ppm LiBr to HPLC grade acetone or with p.a. grade acetone. In addition pre-hump enriched and pre-hump free fractions were isolated by fractionated precipitation. The carbohydrate composition of these fractions was determined and correlated with their association pattern in SEC investigations.     

基于超声波测量技术的颗粒尺寸分布模型的研究

提出了一种利用单颗粒背向散射信号来进行粒径分布估算的超声波测量技术,系统阐述了其 理论基础及基本工作原理。被测颗粒的散射信号幅度与它在探测区中的位置、颗粒尺寸和形状有关。 通过理论分析,建立了一个可用于描述散射信号幅度概率分布与颗粒系尺寸分布之间关系的数学模 型,对该模型的反演计算便可得到颗粒系的尺寸分布信息。为了避免求解过程中的病态系数矩阵问 题,将模型求解转化成了易于解决的最优化问题。仿真实例结果验证了该技术的可行性。     

Study of archaeological ceramics by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: Semi-quantitative approach

Total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been compared with Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in order to test its potential application to the study of archaeological ceramics in the archaeometric field. Two direct solid non-chemical sample preparation procedures have been checked: solid sedimentation and solid chemical homogenization. For sedimentation procedure, total-reflection X-ray fluorescence allows the analysis of the elemental composition with respect to the size fraction but not the average evaluation of the composition. For solid chemical homogenization procedure, total-reflection X-ray fluorescence provides precise (from 0.8% to 27% of coefficient of variation) and accurate results (from 91% to 110% of recovery) for 15 elements (Cr, Hf, Ni, Rb, Al, Ba, Ca, K, Mn, Ti, V, Cu, Ga, Y and Fe) with an easy sample preparation process of the solid clay and without previous chemical treatment. The influence of the particle sizes has been checked by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence sample angle scans and anomalous behaviors have been found for three additional detected elements: As, Sr and Zn, which can be attributed to interference effects of the mineral grain sizes of their associated chemical phases in the total-reflection X-ray fluorescence interference region. The solid chemical homogenization procedure produces data useful for archaeological interpretation, which is briefly illustrated by a case-study. Finally, the decantation procedure data can be also useful for size chemical speciation and, consequently, for alternative environmental total-reflection X-ray fluorescence applications.     

Sizes of water-soluble luminescent quantum dots measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

In this paper, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was applied to measure the size of water-soluble quantum dots (QDs). The measurements were performed on a home-built FCS system based on the Stokes-Einstein equation. The obtained results showed that for bare CdTe QDs the sizes from FCS were larger than the ones from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The brightness of QDs was also evaluated using FCS technique. It was found that the stability of the surface chemistry of QDs would be significantly improved by capping it with hard-core shell. Our data demonstrated that FCS is a simple, fast, and effective method for characterizing the fluorescent quantum dots, and is especially suitable for determining the fluorescent nanoparticles less than 10 nm in water solution.